Micro controller (8051) Development board

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3.1. INTRODUCTION
The trainer kit is a microcontroller based embedded system through which students can understand different types of interfacings such as LEDs, 7-segment,switches,relays,buzzers, keyboard, ADC, DAC, Sensors, EEPROM, RTC, LCD, 8255 etc. using these kit one can easily understands the hardware and software details of above mentioned devices. We have use all fundamental devices, knowledge of them enable the user to easily switch on to other complex and advance technology. Our project also includes some industrial applications like ‘Digital Clock’, ‘Temperature Monitoring System’, ‘Communication System’ etc. The simple design of our project can be easily extended into other application such as Access Control system, Digital Function Generator, Temperature monitoring and controlling kit, General purpose sensor kit, Graphical LCD Display etc.
3.2. FEATURES OF TRAINER KIT
Following are some feature which makes our Trainer Kit unique.
1. Simple Design:
We have designed our Trainer Kit in such a manner that all its modules works independently as well as in combination with other modules. We have provided various pin connectors so that the connections can be made as per User’s requirement. We have designed PCBs of various modules and then combined them to give the Hardware an aesthetic appearance. As various modules are independent, the troubleshooting become easier.
2. User Friendly:
We have provided a User’s Manual for operating Trainer kit. This manual will help user to understand each section thoroughly. The manual enables the user to understand hardware connections and Troubleshooting. As we have provided various pin connectors the user can easily connect as per manual description. As we have include some very simple interfacings such as 1 LEDs, 4 LEDs etc., the user who are new to the system can easily access and move further to keyboard, seven segment, RTC and so on. To reduce the connections complexity, we have used 8255 PPI. So we could keep some of the connections as permanent one. For observing waveforms user can easily connect to the CRO.
3. Flexibility:
Our simple trainer kit design makes the system portable. We have interfaced some display devices such as LCDs and 7-segments, so that the output of various devices can be easily viewed on such displays. The output of DAC can be easily viewed by connecting CRO. Similarly, key detection can be displayed on either LEDs or 7- segments. As our Trainer Kit is enclosed inside a wooden box, it is completely unaffected by external parameters.
4. Versatility:
As in the Trainer kit, we have included RTC, it can works as a Digital Clock. Temperature can be measured with the help of temperature sensor of Trainer Kit, which makes it a Temperature-monitoring system. It can be used as a multi controller communication system. By interfacing RS-232 with Trainer Kit, we can easily make communication between PC and Trainer kit. We have included all fundamental devices interfacing such as LEDs, LCD,7-segment, keyboard, ADC, DAC, Sensors etc. which make the students to understand the control system thoroughly.
5. Cost Effective:
In our Trainer Kit we have used 2 Microcontroller IC’s and one 8255 Ic. With the help of 3 Ic’s we are able to interfaced a number of different modules. We have used various components that are easily available in the local market. This makes our Trainer Kit Cost-Effective.
6. Multiple function in one device:
In this trainer kit also students can get knowledge about different modules and has useful applications. Using 4*4 matrix keyboards it can be used as calculator. Using RTC it can work as digital clock. Using DAC various waves like square wave, triangle wave, sine wave are generated. Using LM35 temperature sensor it can monitor temperature and on this basis we can design temperature security system. Using RS-232 communication between computer and controller is done.
7. Simple modules:
This trainer kit is designed very simply. As students can understand different modules we avoid using complicate modules. Instead using other more advantageous controller we use 89c51. Also programming is done in assembly. We start from basic level so students understand easily.
3.3. BLOCK  DIAGRAM  OF TRAINER KIT
Figure 3.1 shows the block diagram of Microcontroller based Trainer Kit. The main parts included inside the Trainer Kit can be listed as below:
1.  89c51 Microcontrollers from 8051 family.
2. Selection switches which defines which particular modules which be executed at a given time. There are specific codes given to each and every practical. On the basis of switch status, particular practical is selected.




3. Matrix keyboard with 16 keys arranged as 4 rows and 4 columns.
4. Four LEDs, for understanding basics of display.
5. ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) o deal with real-world physical quantities.
6. Temperature sensor, for temperature monitoring system.
7. EEPROM, to access the ROM for reading and Writing data.(not shown )
8. RTC (Real Time Clock), to make digital Clock.
9. LCD, for displaying various practical names.
10. DAC (Digital-to-Analog Convertor) for generating various waves such as Square,  sine and triangular.
11. Seven-segments for displaying the key detection.

3.3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TRAINER KIT


3.4. APPLICATIONS
Apart from the trainer kit, this project can be used as a digital clock temperature monitoring system. It can also be used for various types of wave generation and serial communication. By extending some of its features it can be used as a digital Function generator, control access system, general purpose sensor kit, and home automation System etc.
3.4.1 TRAINER KIT:
The trainer kit is used for giving the explanation of various types of Interfacings to the students. By using this trainer kit the student can learn the interaction between the hardware and software of the particular device. In our trainer kit we have included the display devices like LCD, seven segment so through them can check the output of the other interfacings like key board, DAC, ADC, E2PROM, RTC ,sensors etc.
3.4.2 DIGITAL CLOCK:
In our trainer kit the combination of RTC and LCD works as a digital clock. We have used an RTC DS-1307, which works on battery mode also so it fulfills the requirement of real time applications. To display the time we have used the LCD, so user can view the time on it. Only limitation is that the user can not set the time according to his/her requirement. To set the time, changes must be made in software.
3.4.3 TEMPRATURE MONITORING SYSTEM:
In our trainer kit the combination of ADC, temperature sensor and LCD interfacing can be used as a temperature monitoring system. It will sense the temperature of its surrounding and display it on an LCD .the temperature will be measured in Celsius. Here an ADC is used for converting the analog output of the sensor in the digital one.
3.4.4 WAVE GENERATION:
In our trainer kit if the DAC interfacing module is connected with the CRO then Sine wave, square wave and triangle wave can be generated. Some other types of wave forms like saw tooth, staircase can also be generated by modifying the software.
3.4.5 SERIAL COMMUNICATION:
The communication link for the multi processor and multi Controller can be established. Same way the RS-232 interfacing is used for establishing the communication link with the PERSONAL COMPUTER.
3.4.6 PROSPECTIVE: By modifying the trainer kit it can be used as a control access system, digital function generator, general purpose sensor kit, temperature controlling system, home automation system etc.

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